Nitrile formation [CN(-)] Nitrile formation (CN‾) Definition: Alkyl halides (or tosylates) will react with cyanide ion to give alkyl cyanides (nitriles) in an SN2 reaction. Nitrile formation (CN‾) Explained: Here comes to backside attack of a nucleophile to…
Azides [N3(–)] Azides (N3‾) Definition: Alkyl halides (or tosylates) will react with azide ions (such as NaN3 or KN3) in SN2 reaction to give alkyl azides. Azides (N3‾) Explained: Azide ion (N3‾) is the conjugate base…
Ammonium salt formation [RNH2] Ammonium salt formation (RNH2) Definition: Amines will react with alkyl halides to give ammonium salts. This reaction is known as Amine (N-)Alkylation. Ammonium salt formation (RNH2) Explained: Amines are generally sufficiently…
Alkanes [Gilman reagents] Alkanes (Gilman reagent) Definition: Alkyl halides (or tosylates) will react with Gilman reagents (organocuprates) to form alkanes in SN2 reaction. Alkanes (Gilman reagent) Explained: A Gilman reagent is a lithium and diorganocopper reagent compound, R2CuLi (R = alkyl or aryl). These…
Alcohol formation [HO(–)] Alcohol formation (HO‾) Definition: Alkyl halides (or tosylates) will react with hydroxides ions to give alcohols. This is an SN2 reaction. Alcohol formation (HO‾) Explained: In this reaction, as in any SN2…
Thiol formation [SN2] Thiol formation [SN2] Definition: Alkyl halides (or tosylates) will react with the hydrosulfide ion (HS‾) to give thiols. Thiol formation [SN2] Explained: Sulfur is in the same column directly below oxygen in…
SN2 with Gilman reagents SN2 with Gilman reagents Definition: Alkyl halides (or tosylates) will react with Gilman reagents (organocuprates) to form alkanes in SN2 reaction. SN2 with Gilman reagents Explained: A Gilman reagent is a lithium and diorganocopper reagent compound, R2CuLi (R = alkyl…
SN2 with alkyl halides SN2 with alkyl halides Definition: Nucleophilic bimolecular substitution (SN2) is the general reaction for primary and secondary haloalkanes (alkyl halides) where the halide functions act the leaving group, and…