{"id":9326,"date":"2024-02-25T00:28:46","date_gmt":"2024-02-25T00:28:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chemistryscore.com\/?page_id=9326---03d0050a-4d9c-462f-8dc7-f132379f5d41"},"modified":"2024-02-25T00:28:46","modified_gmt":"2024-02-25T00:28:46","slug":"friedel-crafts-alkylation-r-x-plus-catalyst","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chemistryscore.com\/friedel-crafts-alkylation-r-x-plus-catalyst\/","title":{"rendered":"Friedel Crafts alkylation [R-X plus catalyst]"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Friedel Crafts alkylation [R-X plus catalyst]<\/h1>

Friedel Crafts alkylation [R-X plus catalyst] Definition:<\/h2>

In\u00a0Friedel-Crafts alkylation<\/strong>, treatment of\u00a0benzene<\/strong>\u00a0with an\u00a0alkyl halide<\/strong>\u00a0and a\u00a0Lewis acid<\/strong>\u00a0(AlCl3<\/sub>\u00a0or FeCl3<\/sub>) forms an\u00a0alkylbenzene<\/strong>. This reaction is an\u00a0alkylation<\/strong>\u00a0because it results in the transfer of an\u00a0alkyl group<\/strong>\u00a0from one atom to another (from X to benzene).<\/p>

\"\"<\/p>

Friedel Crafts alkylation [R-X plus catalyst] Explained:<\/h2>

The\u00a0Friedel-Crafts alkylation<\/strong>\u00a0forms new carbon-carbon bonds by the installation of an alkyl group on an aromatic ring.<\/p>

The reactivity of alkyl halides increases with the polarity of the carbon-halide bond in the order:\u00a0RI < RBr\u00a0< RCl < RF<\/strong><\/p>

Typical\u00a0Lewis acids are\u00a0FeCl3<\/sub><\/strong>,\u00a0AlCl3<\/sub><\/strong>, and\u00a0AlBr3<\/sub><\/strong>.<\/p>

Mechanism of Friedel-Crafts alkylation<\/h3>

Step 1.<\/strong>\u00a0Alkyl halide activation and formation of\u00a0carbocation<\/strong>\u00a0which is an excellent electrophile<\/p>

\"\"
Step 2<\/b>. Nucleophilic attack of benzene to carbocation and form an intermediate sigma complex<\/p>

Step 3<\/b>. Deprotonation of sigma complex to restore aromaticity<\/p>

\"\"<\/p>

This is an example for\u00a0secondary<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0tertiary halides<\/strong>\u00a0but with primary halides, it is slightly different.\u00a0Primary alkyl halides<\/strong>\u00a0are not converted into carbocations since\u00a0primary carbocations<\/strong>\u00a0are extremely high in energy. In this case, the electrophilic agent is presumed to be a\u00a0complex<\/strong>\u00a0between alkyl halide and catalyst.<\/p>

Friedel-Crafts alkylation can be carried out with any starting material that functions as a precursor to a carbocation, such as\u00a0alcohol<\/strong>\u00a0or\u00a0alkane<\/strong>. And also can be used to fuse a new ring onto the benzene nucleus by an\u00a0intramolecular Friedel-Crafts alkylation<\/strong>.<\/p>

Disadvantages of Friedel-Crafts alkylations are\u00a0overalkylation<\/strong>\u00a0and skeletal\u00a0rearrangements<\/strong>\u00a0by both hydrogen and alkyl shifts which do not case with\u00a0Friedel-Crafts acylation<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Friedel Crafts alkylation [R-X plus catalyst] Friedel Crafts alkylation [R-X plus catalyst] Definition: In Friedel-Crafts alkylation, treatment of benzene with an alkyl halide and a Lewis acid (AlCl3 or FeCl3) forms an alkylbenzene. This reaction is an alkylation because it results in the transfer of an alkyl group from one atom to another (from X to benzene). Friedel Crafts alkylation [R-X plus catalyst] Explained: The Friedel-Crafts alkylation forms new carbon-carbon […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"on","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[5635],"tags":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","yoast_head":"\nFriedel Crafts alkylation [R-X plus catalyst] - ChemistryScore<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/chemistryscore.com\/friedel-crafts-alkylation-r-x-plus-catalyst\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Friedel Crafts alkylation [R-X plus catalyst] - ChemistryScore\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Friedel Crafts alkylation [R-X plus catalyst] Friedel Crafts alkylation [R-X plus catalyst] Definition: In Friedel-Crafts alkylation, treatment of benzene with an alkyl halide and a Lewis acid (AlCl3 or FeCl3) forms an alkylbenzene. This reaction is an alkylation because it results in the transfer of an alkyl group from one atom to another (from X to benzene). 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