Definition
An sp2 hybridized orbital is an atomic orbital achieved by the interference of one s orbital with two p orbitals. This gives rise to three degenerate hybridized atomic orbitals.
Explanation
Example – Double bonded hydrocarbon molecules
The sp3 hybridization helps us understand the structure of single bonded hydrocarbons. i.e. when carbon is bonded to 4 other atoms. On the other hand, sp2 hybridization, helps us understand the structure of double bonded hydrocarbons like ethene, propene, etc. In this case, the carbon atom is bonded to only 3 other atoms. Therefore, one s orbital interacts with 2 p orbitals, to form 3 degenerate sp2 hybridized orbitals.
Orbital diagram for carbon in double bonded molecules:-
Ethene Molecule:-
