Enzymes offer many benefits for our body. In fact without them, life would be impossible because they play an important role in catalzying reactions.
Catalysis refers t othe increase in reaction time without being consumed by the reaction.
An enzyme is just that.
Enzymes:
Six Types of Enzyme Classes:
- Oxidoreductase – catalyzes redox reactions
- Transferase – transfers funcional groups between molecules
- Hydrolase – hydrolyze (break) bonds with water
- Lyase – Catalyze addition and elimination reactions
- Isomerase – catalyzes isomerizations
- Ligase – joins molecules together, usually requires ATP
Substrate Specificity:
Substrates bind enzymes by:
- H-bonds
- Hydrophobic interactions
- Electrostatic interactions
- Sometimes by metal ion coordination
Cofactors and Coenzymes:
A cofactor is a small molecule or ion required by an enzyme to function
Co-enzyme = cofactor that is a small organic molecule
- Co-substrate = coenzyme that only associates with the enzyme transiently (for a short period of time)
- Prosthetic group is a coenzyme that permanently (covalently bonds) with the enzyme
Active enzymes with their appropriate cofactors are called holoenzymes
Inactive enzyme missing their cofactors are called apoenzymes
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