Transesterification [basic conditions] Transesterification [basic conditions] Definition: Addition of alkoxide to an ester results in a new ester. Transesterification [basic conditions] Explained: Esters react with alcohols in a transformation called transesterification. This allows for the direct…
Thiol oxidation to disulfides Thiol oxidation to disulfides Definition: When thiols treated with an oxidizing agent such as iodine or molecular oxygen, thiols can be converted to disulfides. Thiol oxidizing to disulfides Explained: Thiols easily undergo oxidation…
Thiol formation [SN2] Thiol formation [SN2] Definition: Alkyl halides (or tosylates) will react with the hydrosulfide ion (HS‾) to give thiols. Thiol formation [SN2] Explained: Sulfur is in the same column directly below oxygen in…
Thiol formation [HS(–)] Thiol formation (HS‾) Definition: Alkyl halides (or tosylate) will react with the hydrosulfide anion (HS‾) to give thiols. Thiol formation (HS‾) Explained: In a concerted process, nucleophilic attack and loss of a…
Thioether formation RS- Thioether formation (RS‾) Definition: Alkyl halides (or tosylates) will react with thiolate anions to form sulfides (or thioether) in an SN2 reaction. Thioether formation (RS‾) Explained: Nucleophilic substitution at an sp³ hybridized carbon involves…
Thioacetal formation Thioacetal formation Definition: In analogy for the formation of acetals from alcohols and acid, treatment of aldehydes or ketones with thiols in the presence of an acid produces a thioacetal. Thioacetal formation Explained: Sulfur is located in the same group…
Suzuki Reaction Suzuki reaction Definition: The reaction of an organic halide with an organoboron reagent in the presence of a palladium catalyst. Suzuki reaction Explained: The Suzuki reaction is a palladium-catalyzed coupling of an organic halide with an organoboron…
Sulfonylation [SO3/H2SO4] Sulfonylation [SO3/H2SO4] Definition: Treatment of an aromatic molecule such as benzene with sulfur trioxide and strong acid leads to the formation of sulfonic acid in the reaction of electrophilic aromatic substitution. Sulfonylation [SO3/H2SO4] Explained: Concentrated sulfuric acid…
Stork Enamine Reaction Stork Enamine Reaction Definition: The Stork enamine reaction is a method for alkylation or acylation of ketones through intermediates enamines. Stork Enamine Reaction Explained: Ketones cannot be directly alkylated or acylated but when treated with secondary…