Acetylide addition [RC≡C(–)]
Alkyl halides treated with acetylide anions will undergo SN2 reactions to give alkynes.
Alkene Reactions
31 reactions in this topic, each with the reagents, the mechanism and the structure of the product.
Addition of Gilman reagents to enones
Organocuprates (or Gilman reagents) will add to α,β-unsaturated ketones to give 1,4-addition products (or Michael addition product
Addition of Gilman to acyl halides
Addition of organocuprates (Gilman reagents) to acid chlorides results in ketones.
Addition of Grignard reagents to esters
Grignard reagents add twice to esters, giving tertiary alcohols (after addition of acid).
Addition of Grignards to aldehydes
Treatment of an aldehyde with Grignard reagent followed by water (acid) forms usually a secondary alcohol with a new carbon-carbon
Addition of Grignards to esters
Grignard reagents add twice to esters, giving tertiary alcohols (after addition of acid).
Addition of Grignards to ketones
When a ketone is treated with a Grignard reagent, a new carbon-carbon bond is formed at the carbonyl carbon. Subsequent addition o
Addition of H3O(+)
Addition H3O+ is a method for adding water (H and OH) across a double bond. This process called hydration.
Addition of HBr
Hydrobromination is the treatment of alkene with hydrogen bromide where alkane bromide is formed.
Addition of HCl
Treatment of alkenes with hydrogen chloride leads to the chloroalkanes. This reaction is called hydrochlorination.
Addition of HCl, HBr, or HI (once)
The addition of hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide, or hydrogen iodide to alkynes follows Markovnikov rule which means that the e
Addition of HCl, HBr, or HI (twice)
The addition of hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide, or hydrogen iodide to alkynes can be once (when adding one molecule of HX) or
Addition of HI
Treatment of alkanes with hydrogen iodide leads to the iodoalkanes. This reaction is called hydroiodonation.
Bromohydrin formation [Br2/H2O]
Bromonydrin formation is addition reaction of Br and OH across the alkene and the product is called a bromohydrin (bromo=bromine,
Chlorination [Cl2]
Halogenation involves the addition of halides, X2 (either Br2 or Cl2) across the double bond of alkenes, giving vicinal dihalides.
Cyclopropanation
Cyclopropanation refers to any chemical process which generates cyclopropane rings.
Dichlorocyclopropanation
Dichloropropanation is a type of cyclopropanation in which two atoms of hydrogen from methylene are replaced by chlorine atoms. Cy
Dihydroxylation [KMnO4]
When treated alkene with potassium permanganate, two hydroxyl groups are added, so the resulting compounds are called dihydroxylat
Dihydroxylation [OsO4]
When an alkene is treated with osmium tetroxide (OsO4), two hydroxyl groups are added to the alkene by cleaving the double bond. T
Ether Formation [H+/ROH]
An acid catalyzed hydro-alkoxy addition is the addition of an alcohol to carbon-carbon double bond to form an ether.
Free Radical Addition of HBr
When alkane is exposed to hydrogen bromide, alkyl bromide is formed.
Hydroboration-oxidation
Hydroboration-oxidation is a reaction that converts an alkene to an alcohol. This reaction consists of two parts – ( the addition
Hydrogenation of Alkenes
Catalytic hydrogenation involves the addition of molecular hydrogen (H2) across a double bond in the presence of a metal catalyst
Iodination [I2]
Iodination is a reaction where iodine is added to a double bond of alkene to give a diiodide.
Oxidative Cleavage [KMnO4]
The oxidative cleavage is the cleavage of the double bond in the alkene by oxidizing agents (such as KMnO4). Here comes to the com
Oxymercuration [Hg(OAc)2/H2O]
Oxymercuration-demercuration is the reaction sequence in which mercuric acetate acts as the reagent. In the first step (oxymercura
Oxymercuration [Hg(OAc)2/ROH]
Oxymercuration-demercuration is the reaction when alkene treated with mercuric salt [Hg(OAc)2] and alcohol [ROH], and ether is for
Ozonolysis (Oxidative workup)
Ozonolysis is reaction where the double bonds of alkenes are cleaved with ozone (O3). Alkanes form compounds in which the multiple
Ozonolysis (Reductive workup)
Ozonolysis is reaction where the double bonds of alkenes are cleaved with ozone (O3). Alkanes form organic compounds in which the
Rearrangements (Alkyl shift)
The rearrangement is a reaction in which an atom or bond moves or migrates, having been initially located at one site in a reactan
Rearrangements (Hydride Shift)
A rearrangement reaction is a board class of organic reaction where the carbon skeleton of a molecule is rearranged to give a stru