Rearrangements (Hydride Shift)
Rearrangements (H shift) Rearrangement (H shift) Definition: A rearrangement reaction is a board class of organic reaction where the carbon skeleton of a molecule is rearranged to give a structural isomer of the…
Rearrangements (Alkyl shift)
Rearrangements (Alkyl shift) Rearrangements (Alkyl shift) Definition: The rearrangement is a reaction in which an atom or bond moves or migrates, having been initially located at one site in a reactant molecule…
Reactions of Diazonium Salts
Reactions of Diazonium Salts Reactions of Diazonium Salts Definition: Treatment of diazonium salts with various reagents leads to the formation of a new bond to the aromatic ring and loss of nitrogen (N2). Reactions of Diazonium Salts Explained: Aryldiazonium salts are…
Reaction of Grignards with CO2
Reaction of Grignards with CO2 Reaction of Grignards with CO2 Definition: Grignard reagents will add to carbon dioxide, forming carboxylate salts. After acidic work-up, carboxylic acids are formed. Reaction of Grignards with CO2 Explained: A Grignard reagent can react with carbon dioxide…
Reaction of Grignards with acid [H+]
Reaction of Grignards with acid [H+] Reaction of Grignards with acid [H+] Definition: Treatment of Grignard reagents with acid leads to alkanes. Alternatively, use of deuterated acids leads to the resulting deuterated compounds. Reaction of…
Protonation [onium ion formation]
Protonation [onium ion formation] Protonation [onium ion formation] Definition: Addition of a strong acid to an alcohol leads to the formation of its conjugate acid, called onium or (alkyl)oxonium ion. Protonation [onium ion formation] Explained: Alcohols are amphoteric substances which…
Protection as silyl ethers
Protection as silyl ethers Protection as silyl ethers Definition: Alcohols can be converted into silyl ethers with trimethylsilyl chloride (TMSCl) or similar silly groups such as t-butyldimethylsilyl chloride (TBDMSCl). This is a useful procedure for the protection…
Polymerization of dienes
Polymerization of dienes Polymerization of dienes Definition: Treatment of a diene with a strong acid leads to the formation of polymers. Polymerization of dienes Explained: Polymers are large molecules made up of repeating units of smaller…
Pinacol Rearrangement
Pinacol Rearrangement Pinacol Rearrangement Definition: The Pinacol Rearrangement involves the shift of an alkyl group accompanied by loss of water and the conversion of an alcohol to a ketone (or aldehyde). Pinacol Rearrangement Explained: The Pinacol rearrangement is a method for converting a 1,2-diol to…
Partial reduction [Na/NH3]
Partial reduction [Na/NH3] Partial Reduction (Na/NH3) Definition: Alkynes treated with sodium in ammonia are reduced to trans alkenes. Alternatively, potassium in ammonia can also be used. Partial Reduction (Na/NH3) Explained: When we…